Writing against the family gender in Lawrence and Joyce

Summary: This first feminist book-length comparison of D.H. Lawrence and James Joyce offers striking new readings of a number of the novelists' most important works, including Lawrence's Man Who Died and Joyce's Finnegans Wake. Cynthia Lewiecki-Wilson argues that a feminist reader must necessarily read with and against theories of psychoanalysis to examine the assumptions about gender embedded within family relations and psychologies of gender found in the two authors' works. She challenges the belief that Lawrence and Joyce are opposites inhabiting contrary modernist camps, arguing instead that they are positioned along a continuum, with both engaged in a reimagination of gender relations. Lewiecki-Wilson demonstrates that both Lawrence and Joyce write against a background of family material using family plots and family settings. While previous discussions of family relations in literature have not questioned assumptions about the family and about sex roles within it, depending instead on an unexamined culture of gender, Lewiecki-Wilson submits the systems of meaning by which gender is construed to a feminist analysis. She reexamines Lawrence and Joyce from the point of view of feminist psychoanalysis, which, she argues, is not a set of beliefs or a single theory but a feminist practice that analyzes how systems of meaning construe gender and produce a psychology of gender. Arguing against a theory of representation based on gender, however, Lewiecki-Wilson concludes that Lawrence's and Joyce's texts, in different ways, test the idea of a female aesthetic. She analyzes Lawrence's portrait of family relations in Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, and Women in Love and compares Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man with Lawrence's autobiographical text. She then shows that Portrait begins a deconstruction of systems of meaning that continues and increases in Joyce's later work, including Ulysses, which, she argues, implicitly deconstructs gender as Joyce launches his attack on the dominant phallic economy. Lewiecki-Wilson concludes by identifying a common interest in Egyptology on the part of Lawrence, Joyce, and Freud and by showing that all three relate family material to Egyptian myth in their writings. She identifies Freud's essay "Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory of Childhood" as an important source for Joyce's Finnegans Wake, which portrays beneath the gendered individual a root androgyny and asserts an unfixed, evolutionary view of family relations.